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A sulfated glycosaminoglycan extracted from animal cartilage.

Sourced from bovine, porcine, or shark cartilage. Species and slaughter method are usually undisclosed.

A natural oil used as an emulsion adjuvant in some influenza vaccines (e.g., MF59) to boost immune response.

Historically purified from shark liver oil; plant-derived squalene exists but vaccine-grade supply is often animal/fish sourced — verify product insert.